Friday, May 27, 2011

Sudanese Civlization

History of Sudan (Part 1) 


History Background of old Sudan


What is now northern Sudan was in ancient times the kingdom of Nubia, which came under Egyptian rule after 2600 B.C. An Egyptian and Nubian civilization called Kush flourished until A.D. 350. Missionaries converted the region to Christianity in the 6th century, but an influx of Muslim Arabs, who had already conquered Egypt, eventually controlled the area and replaced Christianity with Islam. During the 1500s a people called the Funj conquered much of Sudan, and several other black African groups settled in the south, including the Dinka, Shilluk, Nuer, and Azande. Egyptians again conquered Sudan in 1874, and after Britain occupied Egypt in 1882, it took over Sudan in 1898, ruling the country in conjunction with Egypt. It was known as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan between 1898 and 1955.
Nubin4
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The 20th century saw the growth of Sudanese nationalism, and in 1953 Egypt and Britain granted Sudan self-government. Independence was proclaimed on Jan. 1, 1956. Since independence, Sudan has been ruled by a series of unstable parliamentary governments and military regimes. Under Maj. Gen. Gaafar Mohamed Nimeiri, Sudan instituted fundamentalist Islamic law in 1983. This exacerbated the rift between the Arab north, the seat of the government, and the black African animists and Christians in the south. Differences in language, religion, ethnicity, and political power erupted in an unending civil war between government forces, strongly influenced by the National Islamic Front (NIF) and the southern rebels, whose most influential faction is the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA). Human rights violations, religious persecution, and allegations that Sudan had been a safe haven for terrorists isolated the country from most of the international community. In 1995, the UN imposed sanctions against it.



On Aug. 20, 1998, the United States launched cruise missiles that destroyed a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in Khartoum which allegedly manufactured chemical weapons. The U.S. contended that the Sudanese factory was financed by Islamic militant Osama bin Laden.

Friday, May 6, 2011

Sudanese Wedding Part 2


Blue Nile Chanle show abou Wedding Cermoney and tradition

 
Aljazera Arabic Chanale Report  abou Sudanese Wedding Cermoney and tradition
Marriage between two people of different cultures and religions


Ceremony respects the cultural and religious differences


•Wedding is major social event to be covered by local media


•Must groom must pay Durry (Money and gold to his Bride and buy clothes and other staff as well spend at laest $ 3000 party prepration
wedding is big event in sudan like Festivities are spread over several days or weeks


•Each cultureamong Sudanese Regions South /Notrth /East /West/Center  has specific traditions, ceremonies, activities, clothing, food and music but magaorty shere some of all this process .



Music and dancing


Wedding Traditions in Sudan (Bride dance)
A bridegroom ceremony is a common wedding practice in the Sudan. The bridegroom is welcomed to the wedding site with an auspicious decoration called the umbul-umbul, a type of 'wedding announcement'. The mother of the bride gives the bridegroom a garland of flowers, welcoming him into her family. She also gives him a 'keris', a hidden message encouraging him not to be disheartened while toiling for his family.
The bridegroom welcome is followed by a procession of ladies with candles, who pray for the ceremony. The bride and groom sit next to each other under an umbrella in front of the entrance to their future home with a veil covering both of their heads. The umbrella is held over the couple's head, serving not only a very practical purpose by also symbolizing esteem and respect.
The bride and groom bend forward and kiss the knees of their parents, a ceremony called sungkem, asking for forgiveness and blessing and promising to continue to serve their parents. This wedding ritual is held in front of a gargoyle fountain. Water flowing from the gargoyle suggests the continuous flow of priceless parental love for their children. A chosen man and woman, sing a special song called kidung on behalf of the parents, advising the couple to treat each other well and to live in harmony. Kidung also invokes blessing upon the couple.
An egg breaking ceremony, called nincak endog, requires the couple to stand facing each other in front of their house. The bridegroom stands outside the entrance and the bride stands inside. The ceremony is conducted by the Sudanese equivalent of an American 'maid of honor', who remains an advisor throughout the marriage. In this ceremony, seven broomsticks are burnt and thrown away, dramatizing the discarding of bad habits which endanger married life.
The groom is pronounced master of his house when the egg is broken. His bride cleans the his foot with water from a kendi, an earthen water jug which represents peace. Then she breaks the kendi and crosses over a log into the house, demonstrating willing obedience to her future husband. She is fed a dish of turmeric sticky rice with yellow spiced chicken to symbolize the last time the parents of the bride will feed their daughter.
The groom remains outside for another ceremony, which is enacted before him by a couple who sing. During this ceremony, the groom, via the vocalists, requests to enter his bride's house, and she consents when he agrees to confirm his Moslem faith. Having done so, the couple is given a barbecued spiced chicken to pull apart on a signal from the 'maid of honor'. According to tradition, the one who gets the larger piece will bring in the larger share of the family fortune. The ceremony also portrays the importance of working together to acquire fortune.
Following the wedding ceremony, dancers shower the bride and groom with wedding flowers to insure a fragrant future for the couple. A sawer, made of turmeric rice, coins, and candy, is thrown at the couple. Rice is a symbol of prosperity, and yellow is for everlasting love. The coins remind the couple to share their wealth with the less fortunate, and the candy bestows sweetness and fragrance upon their marriage. Seven candles are lit representing the direction the couple should follow to bring about a happy married life. A betel nut set near the couple is a reminder that different customs should not spoil a harmonious marriage.

Bride Dance Dress up

•Bride’s clothes are made: a red and gold dress and a garmasees


•Bride’s jewelry is gold


•Bride practices dances




Bride’s mother invites female relatives and friends and a few men to a party
•Bride dances while a woman drums on a daloka
•Women sing and clap and have fuce

Guests eat, dance and have a good time







http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joGlmmz5MQ0
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=sudanese+wedding&aq=8&oq=sudanese+
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1lw7lh_GNQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kC1beegwBBI&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRKuUoXUriU&feature=related

Algartig
 
Groom sprays the audience with perfume
     •Elderly women give the Bride and Groom a cup of milk, which they both drink as a sign of love, peace and a pure life





  

من هو الافضل للسودان

ويسألونك ..؟ محمد امين ابوالعواتك في اوقات الظلم وغياب السلم والامان والفقدان الموجع.. إن من يصنع الفرق هو كل من يوقد الامل وينشر شعاعه ويصن...

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