National Day of Canada

 Will be celebrating National Day of Canada No. 144 in all Mqataat Canada Home and usually marks the celebration of the first day of the month of July every year, a celebration of the establishment of Canada as an independentIt is noticeable is the history and life of the state is not far away Establishing a federal official state Alamralgosairaattabr this amazing thing for those who entered Canada and lived there compared Bamrha and achievements and their development and sits on the tables of meetings the major industrialized countries.In this day be an official holiday for government institutions and non-governmental organizations and some sectors of private business.
United Canada on July 1, 1867, and the system of government by the confederation and a parliamentary democracy, and Canada is a Member State of the Commonwealth, a constitutional monarchy and Queen Elizabeth II of Britain is, who heads the state since February 1952, represented by Governor-General who is appointed to a term of five years by a decision of the Queen.Canada was in 1982 so can not make any changes in its constitution or political system without the consent of the British Government, and was amended in 1982. In the same year, he was a law "freedoms and duties," which celebrates Canada each yearThere are parties, 5 parties in Canada are the head of the ruling Liberal Party, Union Party of Canada, the Quebec Federation Party, Conservative Party, the Party of Democrats.Subject to English law with the exception of Quebec, where the subject of French civil law.

 It is believed that the name "Canada" is derived from the word "Kanata" which means in the language of the people of the country's indigenous Indian population of Canada and the top Qubilh Alrqua specifically, it means a "village" or "community" or "meeting place". Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of area. It contains great natural sources of oil and natural gas, minerals and fish. It is also a manufacturer and an important member of the Group of Eight major G8.Part of the territory and most of the Canadian Arctic archipelago is located within the frozen region; rest of the country lies within the northern half of the northern temperate zone. As a result, the general climatic conditions ranging from extreme cold characteristic of the polar regions to the mild temperatures for the southern latitudes. The Canadian climate is characterized by wide regional diversity.Canada is rich in precious natural resources that are essential for the economy it commercially. The country has enormous areas of fertile lowlands in the provinces Almarjah (such as Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan). And on the borders of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River in southern Quebec and Ontario. Forests cover about 49% of the country and is rich in precious wood Bhamlat commercially. Commercial fishing in Canada is due to the almost 500 years ago, and still waters of the ocean, and inland lakes, and rivers continue to support the industry. The mining industry in Canada has a long history of exploration and development dates back to before the establishment of the Canadian federation in 1867. Canadian Shield and contains mineral wealth but more importantly is that the country is also rich in reserves of crude oil and natural gas. System of lakes and rivers and mountainous topography combine to make hydropower a permanent natural assets in Canada.

Administrative divisions:Canada is divided into ten provinces:Alberta and British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Labrador, and Nova Scotia, and Ontario, and Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and SaskatchewanAnd three territories or regions:Northwest Territories and the Yukon territory, and Nonavc created from a section of the Northwest Territory, came into existence in 1999

 The major cities of Canada:Toronto, the capital of the province of Ontario, a port and industrial city (population 4,444,700). Montreal, the capital of the province of Quebec, a port and major commercial center (population 3.359 million); Vancouver, the provincial capital of British Columbia is an industrial center and the axis is important for the railways, shipping and forest products (1891400) Ottawa, a city in Ontario is the political capital of Canada and the city commercial and industrial (the structure of the Ottawa urban, and Winnipeg (1030500) capital of the province of Manitoba and is a key market for wheat and the meeting rail (676 700). Edmonton, the provincial capital of Alberta and is an important center for agriculture and oil (891 500), Quebec City, capital of the province of Quebec and is a center for tourism, shipping and manufacturing (697 600)
Population:The population of Canada (31,002.200) (census 2001), male (15,348.800) and the number of females (15,653.400) and a population density of about 3 persons per square kilometer. Three-quarters of the people of Canada about living in a relatively narrow strip along the U.S. border, while centered about 62% of the population in Quebec and Ontario. About 17% live in the provinces Almarjah Prairie Provinces such as Alberta and Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Also live about 8% in the provinces on the Atlantic Ocean, which include Newfoundland and Labrador and the Maritime provinces of Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia, New Brunswick. And 13% live in British Columbia. The scattered about 0.3% in each of the territory of Yukon and Northwest Territories, and Nonavc.
Canada Day is celebrated all over the country with a variety of events, and national general and in most cases, following the celebration in July. In Ottawa, the capital, the ceremony will be the largest and usually attend the Queen (Queen Elizabeth II) is either the celebration in the capital or in one of the states.
On this day prevail for many manifestations of delight and joy of all States, Canada, and be and there are parades, concerts, dance and Tarab, and festivals, free concerts and carnivals and Akotai flags Alkndaa aspects of the celebration in all the states, and seeking a rich national "Oh, Canada"

O Canada! Our home and native land!
True patriot love in all thy sons command.
With glowing hearts we see thee rise,
The True North strong and free!
From far and wide, O Canada,
We stand on guard for thee.
God keep our land glorious and free!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee!

In Franch

Ô Canada! Terre de nos aïeux
Ton front est ceint de fleurons glorieux
Car ton bras sait porter l'épée
Il sait porter la croix
Ton histoire est une épopée
Des plus brillants exploits
Et ta valeur, de foi trempée
Protégera nos foyers et nos droits
Protégera nos foyers et nos droits

 Can be heard everywhere, as well as in the evening there would be plenty of fireworks and the Canadian media coverage of this national holiday and love the children draw a Canadian flag on the face

And we usually are given and the granting of Canadian citizenship at a ceremony in a large sports stadium and sing the national song

(Oh Canada! Our home and the land of our forefathers!) And be given citizenship and be sworn in and recognition of Canadian law and loyalty to the queen and to obey the laws of Canada.

 I hope to be a national holiday to Canada, my second, who am proud of it is fine and that everyone enjoys security and peace

 

سيتم الاحتفال بالعيد القومي لكندا رقم 144 في جميع مقاطاعت كندا الرئيسيه وعادة ما يصادف الاحتفال اليوم الاول من شهر يوليو من كل عام وهو احتفال بتأسيس كندا كدوله مستقله

ومن الملاحظ يعتبر تاريخ وعمر الدولة ليس ببعيد  فتأسيس دولة رسمية فيدرالية  بهذا العمرالقصيريعتبر شيء مذهل لمن دخل كندا وعاش فيها مقارنةً بعمرها و إنجازاتها و تطورها وجلوسها على طاولات اجتماعات الدول الصناعية الكبرى .

ففي هذا اليوم تكون إجازة رسمية للمؤسسات الحكومية  وغير الحكوميه و بعض قطاعات الاعمال الخاصه .

توحدت كندا في 1 يوليو عام 1867م، و نظام الحكم بها اتحاد كونفدرالي وديمقراطية برلمانية، وتعتبر كندا دولة عضو في رابطة الكومنولث، وهي ملكية دستورية والملكة إليزابيث الثانية ملكة بريطانيا هي التي تترأس الدولة منذ فبراير عام 1952م، ويمثلها الحاكم العام والذي يتم تعيينه لمدة خمس سنوات بقرار من الملكة.
كانت كندا حتى عام 1982 لا تستطيع إجراء أي تعديل في دستورها أو نظامها السياسي بدون موافقة الحكومة البريطانية، و قد تم تعديل ذلك في عام 1982. و في نفس العام تم إقرار قانون " الحريات والواجبات"والذي تحتفل كندا به سنوياً
ويوجد بكندا 5 أحزاب رئيسة هم حزب الأحرار الحاكم، حزب الاتحاد الكندي، حزب إتحاد كيبك، حزب المحافظين، وحزب الديمقراطيين.
تخضع للقانون الإنجليزي فيما عدا كيبيك حيث تخضع للقانون المدني الفرنسي.

 ومن المعتقد أنّ اسمَ "كندا" مشْتق مِنْ كلمة "Kanata" التي تعني في لغة أهل البلاد الأصليين الهنود الحمر السكان الاوائل لكند وبالتحديد قبئلة الركوا  ا فهي تعني "قرية" أَو "جالية" أو" مكان الاجتماع". وكندا هي ثاني أكبرُ دولة في العالم من حيث المساحة. وتحتوي على مصادر طبيعية عظيمة من النفط والغاز الطبيعي والمعادن والأسماك. وهي أيضاً دولة مصنعة مهمة وعضو في مجموعة الدول الثمانية الكبار G8.
جزء من الأراضي الكنديةِ وأغلب الأرخبيلِ القطبيِ يَقِعُ ضمن المنطقةِ المتجمدة؛ بقيّة البلادِ تَقع ضمن في النِصْفِ الشماليِ للمنطقةِ المعتدلةِ الشماليةِ. كنتيجة لذلك، تَتراوحُ الأحوال المناخيةَ العامّةَ مِنْ الخاصيةِ الباردةِ المتطرّفةِ للمناطقِ القطبيةِ إلى درجاتِ الحرارة المعتدلةِ لخطوطِ العرض الأكثرِ جنوبيةً. إنّ المناخَ الكنديَ يتميز بالتنوع الإقليمي الواسع.
كندا غنية بالمصادرِ الطبيعيةِ الثمينةِ التي لا غنى للاقتصاد عنها بشكل تجاريِ. البلاد تتمتع بمناطق هائلة مِنْ الأراضي المنخفضة الخصبةِ في المقاطعات المرجيةِ مثل (ألبيرتا، مانيتوبا، ساسكاتشوان). وعلى حدود البحيرات الكبرى ونهر سانت لورانس في جنوب كيبيك وأونتاريو. تَغطّي الغاباتُ حوالي 49% مِن البلاد وتزخر بحاملات الأخشاب الثمينةِ تجاريا. صيد السمك التجاري في كندا يرجع إلى قبل 500 سنة تقريباً، ولا تزال مياه المحيطِ، والبحيرات الداخلية، والأنهار تُواصلُ دَعْمها لهذه الصناعةِ. صناعة التعدين في كندا لَها تاريخ طويل من الاستكشاف والتطويرِ يعود إلى ما قَبْلَ قيام الاتحاد الفيدرالي الكندي في عام 1867م. ويَحتوي الدرع الكندي ثروة معدنية إلا أن الأهم هو أن البلاد غنيةُ أيضاً في احتياطيات النفطِ الخامِّ والغاز الطبيعي. منظومة البحيرات والأنهار تتآلف والطوبوغرافيا الجبلية لجَعْل الطاقة الكهرومائيةِ إحدى الأصولِ الطبيعية الدائمة في كندا.

التقسيم الإداري:
تقسم كندا إلى عشْرة مقاطعات هي:
ألبيرتا، و كولومبيا البريطانية، و مانيتوبا، ونيوبرونسويك، ونيوفاوندلاند، ولابرادور، و نوفا اسكوتشيا، و أونتاريو، و جزيرة الأمير إدوارد، وكيبيك، و ساسكاتشوان
وثلاثة أقاليم أو مناطق هي:
الأراضي الشمالية الغربية، وأراضي يوكون، ونونافت التي أنشئت مِنْ قسم من الأراضي الشمالية الغربية، وجاءَت إلى الوجود في عام 1999م

المُدنِ الرئيسية لكندا:
تورنتو عاصمة مقاطعة أونتاريو, وهي ميناء ومدينة صناعية (عدد سكانها4,444,700). مونتريال عاصمة مقاطعة كيبيك, وهي ميناء ومركز تجاري رئيسي (سكانها3,359,000)؛ فانكوفر عاصمة مقاطعة كولومبيا البريطانية وهي مركز صناعي ومحور مهم لخطوط السكك الحديدية والشحن ومنتجات الغابات (1,891,400)أوتاوا إحدى مدن أونتاريو وهي العاصمة السياسية لكندا ومدينة تجارية وصناعية (منطقة هيكلِ أوتاوا الحضرية، ,وينيبيج (1030500) عاصمة مقاطعة مانيتوبا وتعتبر سوقا رئيسيا للقمح وملتقى السككِ الحديدية (676,700). إدمنتون عاصمة مقاطعة ألبيرتا وتعد مركزا مهما للزراعة والنفط (891,500)مدينة كيبيك عاصمة مقاطعة كويبيك وتعد مركزا للسياحة والشحن والتصنيع (697,600)

السكان:
يبلغ سكانَ كندا ( 31,002.200) (إحصاء عام 2001)، الذكور منهم (15,348.800) وعدد الإناث (15,653.400) وتبلغ كثافةَ السكان حوالي 3 أشخاصِ لكلّ كيلومتر مربّعِ . ثلاثة أرباع شعبِ كندا تقريباً يَسْكنون في شريط ضيق نسبياً على طول الحدود الأمريكيةِ، بينما يتركز حوالي 62% من السكان في كيبيك وأونتاريو. يعيش حوالي 17% في المقاطعات المرجيةِ Prairie Provinces مثل ألبيرتا و مانيتوبا و ساسكاتشوان. كما يعيش حوالي 8% في المحافظات الواقعة على المحيط الأطلنطي التي تَتضمّنُ نيوفاوندلاند و لابرادور والمحافظات البحرية لجزيرة الأمير إدوارد و نوفا اسكوتشيا، ونيو برونسويك. ويعيش 13% في كولومبيا البريطانية. فيما يتناثر حوالي 0.3% في كل من أراضي يوكون و الأراضي الشمالية الغربية، ونونافت.

يتم الاحتفال بيوم كندا في جميع أنحاء البلاد مع مجموعة متنوعة من الأحداث ، وطنية عامة وفي معظم الاحيان تتوالي الاحتفال في كل شهر يوليو . وفي أوتاوا العاصمة يكون الاحتفال الأكبر وعادة ما تحضر الملكه (الملكة إليزابيث الثانية) الاحتفال إما في العاصمة او في احدي الولايات.

وفي هذا اليوم تعم لعديد من مظاهر البهجه والفرح كل الولايات بكندا وتكون وهنالك عروض عسكرية وحفلات ورقص وطرب ، ومهرجانات، وحفلات موسيقية مجانية وكرنفالات ويقطي الأعلام الكنديي مظاهر الحتفال في كافة الولايات  ، وتنشد الغنيه الوطنيه "أوه ، كندا "

 

النشيد الوطني الكندي بالعربية

آه يا كندا! وطننا وارض الاجداد!
بصدق وحقيقه  أحب وطني واحب صدق ولاء ابائك
بقلوب متوهجة نراك مرتفعه  ،
الشمال صحيح قوية وحرة!
من وعلي ابعد  نطاق واسع ، يا كندا ،
نحن نقف على أهبة الاستعداد لأجلك.
ليحفظ الله أرضنا مجيدة وحرة!
آه كندا، نقف على أهبة الاستعداد لأجلك!
آه كندا، نقف على أهبة الاستعداد لأجلك!

هذا النشيد بالانجليزية
O Canada! Our home and native land!
True patriot love in all thy sons command.
With glowing hearts we see thee rise,
The True North strong and free!
From far and wide, O Canada,
We stand on guard for thee.
God keep our land glorious and free!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee!

وهذا بالفرنسية

Ô Canada! Terre de nos aïeux
Ton front est ceint de fleurons glorieux
Car ton bras sait porter l'épée
Il sait porter la croix
Ton histoire est une épopée
Des plus brillants exploits
Et ta valeur, de foi trempée
Protégera nos foyers et nos droits
Protégera nos foyers et nos droits

يمكن سماعها في كل مكان  وكذلك في المساء تكون هنالك  الكثير من الألعاب النارية والاعلام الكنديه يقوم بتغطيه هذا العيد القومي  ويحب الاطفال رسم العلم الكندي علي الوجه

ونجد عادة ما يتم إعطاء ومنح الجنسية الكنديه في  احتفاليه كبيره في الاستاد الرياضي وتغني الاغنيه الوطنيه

(آه يا كندا! وطننا وارض الاجداد!)و يتم اعطاء الجنسيه ويتم  اداء القسم واعتراف بالقانون الكندي والولاء للملكة واطاعة القوانين الكنديه .

 وكـــل عــام وكـــندا الـــوطن الثاني بالف خـــير والجمــيع ينــعــــم بالأمــن والســلام

Sudanese Drink (Tea /Coffee/Juices) المشروبات السودانيه

Tea and coffee are both popular drinks. Coffee beans are fried, then ground with cloves and spices. The liquid is strained through a grass sieve and served in tiny cups.

 Coffee Ceremony in Sudan

There is a beautiful ritual associated with the coffee industry of Sudan
Also called (coffee or cheese)
Start a fire on the stove of charcoal stoves (stove)
Coffee is then fried until it becomes brown or black in color with some songs, singing and traditional incense
And then placed the so-called coffee Alphendk
And with him a machine to grind the coffee is called (by Alphendk)
And then are placed in the fireplace Achargrg coal and cups to be found in table sugar and with a spoon to dissolve sugar
After the upheaval in the coffee Achargrg is cast into the cheese, including
The cups
And drink a thousand health and well-being

  Harvest and preparation of Coffee beansطرق حصاد وتجيهز حبوب البن عالميا 

Sudaese grinding Coffee beans Explore Sudan

 

 سوي الجبنه Sudanese coffee song

 

 تعليم عمل الجبنه في هولنداSudanese coffee in Holland

  

طريقة عمل القهوة السودانية

اتفضلوا نشرب قهوة
هناك طقوس جميلة تصاحب صناعة القهوة السودانية
وهي تسمي ايضا ( البن او الجبنة )
تشعل النار علي موقد من مواقد الفحم ( الكانون )
ثم يتم قلي البن حتي يصير بني أو أسود اللون مع بعض الاهازيج والغناء التراثي والبخور
ومن ثم يوضع البن فيما يسمي الفندك
ومعه آله لطحن البن تسمي ( يد الفندك)
وبعد ذلك يتم وضع الشرغرغ في الموقد الفحمي وتكون الفناجين موجودة في مائدة والسكر ومعها ملعقة لتذويب السكر
 وبعد فوران البن في الشرغرغ يتم صبها في الجبنة ومنها علي الفناجين

  بالف صحة وعافية

Sudanese coffee القهوه او الجبنه

سوي الجبنه  Sudanese coffee song

 

 Tea Add

Selling tea and coffee comedy

We share came coffee ceremony as Ethiopian Culture and traditions 

 

 

History of tea

Tea is the agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of various cultivars and sub-varieties^[2] of the Camellia sinensis plant, processed and cured using various methods. "Tea" also refers to the aromatic beverage prepared from the cured leaves by combination with hot or boiling water, and is the common name for the Camellia sinensis plant itself. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. It has a cooling, slightly bitter, astringent flavour which many enjoy.
There are at least six varieties of tea: white, yellow, green, oolong, black, and post-fermented teas of which the most commonly found on the market are white, green, oolong, and black. Some varieties, such as traditional oolong tea and Pu-erh tea, a post-fermented tea, can be used medicinally.
The term "tea" is sometimes loosely used to refer to "herbal teas", which are an infusion or tisane of leaves, flowers, fruit, herbs, or other plant material that contains no Camellia sinensis. In East Asian culture, the term "red tea" has always been used to represent what the West understands as "black tea". This can be confusing in the English speaking world because the same term is now also used to represent the drink made with the South African rooibos plant which contains n

              Tea weighing station north of Batumi, Russian Empire before1915

                       

Tea plants are native to East and South Asia and probably originated around the point of confluence of the lands of northeast India, north Burma, southwest China, and Tibet. Although tales exist in regards to the beginnings of tea being used as a beverage, no one is sure of its exact origins. The usage of tea as a beverage was first recorded in China, with the earliest records of tea consumption with records dating back to the 10th century BC.^[1][31] It was already a common drink during Qin Dynasty (around 200 BC) and became widely popular during Tang Dynasty, when it was spread to Korea and Japan. Trade of tea by the Chinese to Western nations in the 19th century spread tea and the tea plant to numerous locations around the world.

Tea was imported to Europe during the Portuguese expansion of the 16th century, at which time it was termed chá. In 1750, tea experts traveled from China to the Azores Islands, and planted tea, along with jasmines and mallows, to give the tea aroma and distinction. Both green tea and black tea continue to grow in the islands, that are the main supplier to continental Portugal. Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II, took the tea habit to Great Britain around 1660, but it was not until the 19th century Britain that tea became as widely consumed as it is today. In Ireland, tea had become an everyday beverage for all levels of society by the late 19th century, but it was first consumed as a luxury item on special occasion such as religious festivals, wakes, and domestic work gatherings such as quiltings.^[32]

             Masala Chai                                                Tea among other culture

In many cultures, tea is often had at high class social events, such as afternoon tea and the tea party. It may be consumed early in the day to heighten alertness; it contains theophylline and bound caffeine (sometimes called "theine"), although there are also decaffeinated teas.

Tea is prevalent in most cultures in the Middle East. In Arab culture, tea is a focal point for social gatherings. In Iranian (Persian) culture, tea is so widely consumed that it is generally the first thing offered to a household guest^.

There are tea ceremonies which have arisen in different cultures, Japan's complex, formal and serene one being one of the most well known. Other examples are the Chinese tea ceremony which uses some traditional ways of brewing tea. One form of Chinese tea ceremony is the Gongfu tea ceremony, which typically uses small Yixing clay teapots and oolong tea.

The American poet Wallace Stevens, a tea-fancier, is credited by Eleanor Cook with a "delicately implicit trope of drinking tea as a metaphor for reading (ingesting a drink from leaves)^. See for instance his "Tea".

In the United States, 80% of tea is consumed cold, as iced tea. 

Preparation

Korean tea kettle 
over hot coal

                                                  The traditional method of making a cup of tea is to place loose tea leaves, either directly or in a tea infuser, into a tea pot or teacup and pour hot water over the leaves. After a couple of minutes the leaves are usually removed again, either by removing the infuser, or by straining the tea while serving.

Most green teas should be allowed to steep for about two minutes, although some types of tea require as much as ten minutes, and others as little as thirty seconds. The strength of the tea should be varied by changing the amount of tea leaves used, not by changing the steeping time. The amount of tea to be used per amount of water differs from tea to tea but one basic recipe may be one slightly heaped teaspoon of tea (about 5 ml) for each teacup of water (200–240 ml) (7–8 oz) prepared as above. Stronger teas, such as Assam, to be drunk with milk are often prepared with more leaves, and more delicate high grown teas such as a Darjeeling are prepared with a little less (as the stronger mid-flavors can overwhelm the champagne notes).

The best temperature for brewing tea depends on its type. Teas that have little or no oxidation period, such as a green or white tea, are best brewed at lower temperatures, between 65 and 85 °C (149 and 185 °F), while teas with longer oxidation periods should be brewed at higher temperatures around 100 °C (212 °F). The higher temperatures are required to extract the large, complex, flavorful phenolic molecules found in fermented tea, although boiling the water reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.

Type	Water Temp.	Steep Time	Infusions
White Tea	65 to 70 °C (149 to 158 °F)	1–2 minutes	3
Yellow Tea	70 to 75 °C (158 to 167 °F)	1–2 minutes	3
Green Tea	75 to 80 °C (167 to 176 °F)	1–2 minutes	4-6
Oolong Tea	80 to 85 °C (176 to 185 °F)	2–3 minutes	4-6
Black Tea	99 °C (210 °F)	2–3 minutes	2-3
Pu'er Tea	95 to 100 °C (203 to 212 °F)	Limitless	Several
Herbal Tea	99 °C (210 °F)	6 minutes	Varied

Some tea sorts are often brewed several times using the same tea leaves. Historically, in China, tea is divided into a number of infusions. The first infusion is immediately poured out to wash the tea, and then the second and further infusions are drunk. The third through fifth are nearly always considered the best infusions of tea, although different teas open up differently and may require more infusions of hot water to produce the best flavor.

One way to taste a tea, throughout its entire process, is to add hot water to a cup containing the leaves and after about 30 seconds to taste the tea. As the tea leaves unfold (known as "The Agony of the Leaves") they give up various parts of themselves to the water and thus the taste evolves. Continuing this from the very first flavors to the time beyond which the tea is quite stewed will allow an appreciation of the tea throughout its entire length

                                                                     Back tea infusion         

In the West, water for black tea is usually added near boiling point 99 °C (210 °F). Many of the active substances in black tea do not develop at temperatures lower than 90 °C (194 °F). Lower temperatures are used for some more delicate teas. The temperature will have as large an effect on the final flavor as the type of tea used. The most common fault when making black tea is to use water at too low a temperature. Since boiling point drops with increasing altitude, it is difficult to brew black tea properly in mountainous areas. It is also recommended that the teapot be warmed before preparing tea, easily done by adding a small amount of boiling water to the pot, swirling briefly, before discarding. In the West, black teas are usually brewed for about 4 minutes and are usually not allowed to steep for less than 30 seconds or more than about five minutes (a process known as brewing or mashing in Britain). In many regions of the world, however, boiling water is used and the tea is often stewed. For example, in India black tea is often boiled for fifteen minutes or longer as a strong brew is preferred for making Masala chai. When the tea has brewed long enough to suit the tastes of the drinker, it should be strained while serving. The popular varieties of black (red) tea include Assam tea, Nepal tea, Darjeeling tea, Nilgiri tea, Turkish tea and Ceylon tea as well Sudanese tea

 يقال إن أول كوب من الشاي شربه إنسان هو الذي شربه الإمبراطور شي نبغ في عام2737 قبل الميلاد أيضا إن الإمبراطور كان جالسا تحت شجرة يشرب الماء الدافئ ـ وهي عادة صينية لتهدئة الأعصاب ولا تزال ـ عندما سقطت ورقة من الشجرة التي كان يجلس تحتها فاتخذ الماء لونا أحمر قانيا.. هذه هي بداية الشاي

  الكلسترول، الكثير من الناس يجهل هذه الفوائد، ومن فوائد الشاي الأخضر مُذهلة فهي مفيده في تهدئة المعدة و إذابة الدهون وخفض الوزن وإلى تهدئة الأعصاب والمساعدة على فوائدها كذلك المساعده علي النوم العميق . وهناك حقائق مدهشة عن قدرة هذة النبتة الزكية في  السكر وضبط ضغط الدم، ومحاربة الخرف أو الزهايمر

وفي السودان اعتاد الناس على شرب الشاي ثلاثة مرات تقريبا

شاي الصباح

شاي الضهر

وشاي المغربية

ومن المعروف أن البرامكة في السودان لديهم طقوس خاصة لشرب الشاي
ولقد صدر كتاب للشاعر عبد الله الكاظم بعنوان (كبايات الشاي في دولة البرامكة) والكتاب عبارة عن دراسة تراثية تاريخية لأدب الشاي عند البرامكة
كذلك( اهلنا) قبيلة الشايقية عرفوابولعهم الشديد للشاي 

عادة ما يتناول الشاي الاحمر مع اللقيمات او الكيك او التمروكذلك شاي البن  

 Shiyشاي بلبن

 

  Sudanese Donat (لقيمات )                 

Karkadyالكركدي

Hibiscus tea is the infusion made from the calyces (sepals) of the Hibiscus sabdariffa flower, an herbal tea drink consumed both hot and cold by people around the world. It is also referred to as roselle (another common name for the hibiscus flower), flor de Jamaica in Latin America, karkadé in Egypt and Sudan, bissap in West Africa, sorrel in Jamaica, and red sorrel in the wider Caribbean, and other names in other regions. Hibiscus tea has a tart, cranberry-like flavor, and sugar is often added to sweeten the beverage. The tea contains vitamin C and minerals and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.

Hibiscus tea contains 15-30% organic acids, including citric acid, maleic acid, and tartaric acid. It also contains acidic polysaccharides and flavonoid glycosides, such as cyanidin and delphinidin, that give it its characteristic deep red colour.

They drink it cold as juice and hot as tea plus is traditional
drink is very reach of vitamin C they used during cold time as help them relief from cold symptoms.

As well during hot time make them feel cool with ice.

 Holomour Sudanese Traditional Drink During  Ramadan

 

                                                       Will be continuous